//STM32F0 Reference manual PG 127/742
Turn on/off a Pin (Example Pin C8)
/* Enable clock for GPIOC */
RCC->AHBENR |= (1 << 19);
GPIOC->MODER |= (1 << 16);//Set pin C8 as output
GPIOC->OTYPER &= ~(1 << 8);//Set pin 8 output as internal push-pull
GPIOC->BSRR |= (1 << 24);//Turn Pin C8 off
GPIOC->BSRR |= (1 << 8);//Turn C8 on
Read a pin (Example Pin A0)
RCC->AHBENR |= (1 << 17); /* Enable GPIOA clock */
GPIOA->PUPDR |= (1 << 0); /* PA.0 is Pull up */
if((GPIOA->IDR & (1 << 0))==(1 << 0))//read pin state
{
//High
}
else
{
//Low
}
Set up external pin interrupt (Example Pin A0)
Config pin as input (above)
EXTI->IMR |= (1 << 0); //unmask External interrupt line 0 (PA0)
EXTI->RTSR |= (1 << 0); //Enable rising edge trigger of line 0
EXTI->FTSR |= (1 << 0); //Enable falling edge trigger of line 0
NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI0_1_IRQn);//Enabe EXTI0_1 IRQ
put this segment in the source file
//use extern "C" if the file is .cpp
extern "C" {
void EXTI0_1_IRQHandler(void)
{
//to do
}
}
Friday, June 1, 2012
Sunday, March 25, 2012
I2C Write, Read sequence
Write
Start, Write_Address, Data_Bytes, Stop
Read
Start, Write_Address, Register_Address, Read_Address, Stop
Start, Write_Address, Data_Bytes, Stop
Read
Start, Write_Address, Register_Address, Read_Address, Stop
Thursday, December 1, 2011
FreFilterMessage in a Form VB.NET
under class declaration, implement IMessageFilter
Public Class frmMain
Implements IMessageFilter
add public function PreFilterMessage
_
Public Function PreFilterMessage(ByRef m As System.Windows.Forms.Message) _
As Boolean Implements IMessageFilter.PreFilterMessage
'Filter MouseWheel message
If (m.Msg = 522) Then
Return True
End If
Return False
End Function
in form.Load, add Application.AddMessageFilter(Me)
Public Class frmMain
Implements IMessageFilter
add public function PreFilterMessage
Public Function PreFilterMessage(ByRef m As System.Windows.Forms.Message) _
As Boolean Implements IMessageFilter.PreFilterMessage
'Filter MouseWheel message
If (m.Msg = 522) Then
Return True
End If
Return False
End Function
in form.Load, add Application.AddMessageFilter(Me)
Friday, June 11, 2010
Nordic FOB and nRF24L01+ Interfacing
Receiver schematic
Datasheet
Characteristics
• 2.4 GHz wireless
• 0-10Mbps 4-wire SPI
• 8 bit command set
Pin functions
SPI
MISO Digital Output, SPI Slave Data Output, with tri-state option
MOSI Digital Input, SPI Slave Data Input
SCK Digital Input, SPI Clock
CSN Digital Input, SPI Chip Select
Power
VCC Input Power +3.3v
GND Common Ground
Other
CE Digital Input, Chip Enable Activates RX or TX mode
IRQ Digital Output, Maskable interrupt pin. Active low
Interfacing
A. Configure nRF24L01+ via SPI
Note: Every command start with a CSN pin on low and end with a CSN pin on high
A command usually has two bytes:
The first byte is the command (read register, write register with register address).
Page 51/70 of the datasheet is the list of commands
Page 57/70 of the datasheet is the register map
Example firmware for AVR controller
If the command is a read command, the second byte is a dummy byte (any value).
If the command if a write command, the second byte is the data to write to the register.
B. Uses
1 Wait for new data by using interrupt. nRF24L01+ will activate a low interrupt when there is new data
2 Set wireless to standby mode by set pin CE to low
3 Activate SPI on nRF24L01+ by set CSN to low
4 Send read command (0x61)
5 Read 4 bytes data to a variable
6 Clear RF FIFO interrupt by send 2 bytes (0x27, 0x40)
7 Disable SPI by set CSN to high
8 Set wireless to monitor mode by set pin CE to high
Data information
Key information is in the first byte of the 4 bytes data.
Used for Nordic FOB
0x17 Left button
0x1E Bottom button
0x1B Right button
0x1D Top button
0x0F Center button
Datasheet
Characteristics
• 2.4 GHz wireless
• 0-10Mbps 4-wire SPI
• 8 bit command set
Pin functions
SPI
MISO Digital Output, SPI Slave Data Output, with tri-state option
MOSI Digital Input, SPI Slave Data Input
SCK Digital Input, SPI Clock
CSN Digital Input, SPI Chip Select
Power
VCC Input Power +3.3v
GND Common Ground
Other
CE Digital Input, Chip Enable Activates RX or TX mode
IRQ Digital Output, Maskable interrupt pin. Active low
Interfacing
A. Configure nRF24L01+ via SPI
Note: Every command start with a CSN pin on low and end with a CSN pin on high
A command usually has two bytes:
The first byte is the command (read register, write register with register address).
Page 51/70 of the datasheet is the list of commands
Page 57/70 of the datasheet is the register map
Example firmware for AVR controller
If the command is a read command, the second byte is a dummy byte (any value).
If the command if a write command, the second byte is the data to write to the register.
B. Uses
1 Wait for new data by using interrupt. nRF24L01+ will activate a low interrupt when there is new data
2 Set wireless to standby mode by set pin CE to low
3 Activate SPI on nRF24L01+ by set CSN to low
4 Send read command (0x61)
5 Read 4 bytes data to a variable
6 Clear RF FIFO interrupt by send 2 bytes (0x27, 0x40)
7 Disable SPI by set CSN to high
8 Set wireless to monitor mode by set pin CE to high
Data information
Key information is in the first byte of the 4 bytes data.
Used for Nordic FOB
0x17 Left button
0x1E Bottom button
0x1B Right button
0x1D Top button
0x0F Center button
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
Turn off monitor in Windows
You can set up your computer to automatically turn off the monitor after idling for x minutes in power settings.
However, If you want to turn it off right now, what can you do?
-If the monitor has a power switch, just use it.
-Turn off your computer.
-My laptop does not have a power switch, and I want it to be running at night. Here is a simple solution.
Use SendMessage API to send WM_SYSCOMMAND message to HWND_BROADCAST
WM_SYSCOMMAND reference
LPARAM value
-1 - the display is powering on
1 - the display is going to low power
2 - the display is being shut off
#include <windows.h>
int main()
{
Sleep(3000); // Wait for you to get rid of the mouse.
//If you move the mouse, the monitor will turn on again.
SendMessage(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MONITORPOWER, (LPARAM) 2);
return 0;
}
It's time to go to bed.
However, If you want to turn it off right now, what can you do?
-If the monitor has a power switch, just use it.
-Turn off your computer.
-My laptop does not have a power switch, and I want it to be running at night. Here is a simple solution.
Use SendMessage API to send WM_SYSCOMMAND message to HWND_BROADCAST
WM_SYSCOMMAND reference
LPARAM value
-1 - the display is powering on
1 - the display is going to low power
2 - the display is being shut off
#include <windows.h>
int main()
{
Sleep(3000); // Wait for you to get rid of the mouse.
//If you move the mouse, the monitor will turn on again.
SendMessage(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MONITORPOWER, (LPARAM) 2);
return 0;
}
It's time to go to bed.
Friday, April 9, 2010
Simple Keyboard Simulation Using SendInput function
Need to include <windows.h> header file
SendInput
INPUT structure
KEYBDINPUT structure
This function simulate a keyboard press to any active window
1. Create INPUT structure
INPUT *key; //pointer to INPUT structure
key=malloc(sizeof(INPUT));//allocate memory for INPUT structure pointed by key
key->type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
key->ki.wVK = Virtual_Key_Code; //see Virtual Key Code list for the full key list
key->ki.wScan=0;
key->ki.dwFlags=0;
key->ki.time=0;
key->ki.dwExtraInfo=0;
2. Call SendInput function
SendInput(1,key,sizeof(INPUT));
3. Free memory
free(key);
4. Note
This function works with all active windows. If you need to send a key press to inactive windows (minimized or hidden windows), use SendMessage or PostMessage
PostMessage(hwndWindow, WM_KEYDOWN, Virtual_Key_Code,0);//Press the key down
PostMessage(hwndWindow, WM_KEYUP, Virtual_Key_Code,0);//Release the key
hwndWindow: Handle of the window you want to send a keyboard button to, hwndWindow can be obtained by using FindWindow or FindWindowEx
WM_KEYDOWN: constant = 0x100
WM_KEYUP: constant = 0x101
This method may not work with some applications especially games that use Direct Input.
Virtual Key Code List
VK_LBUTTON (0x01)
Left mouse button
VK_RBUTTON (0x02)
Right mouse button
VK_CANCEL (0x03)
Control-break processing
VK_MBUTTON (0x04)
Middle mouse button (three-button mouse)
VK_XBUTTON1 (0x05)
Windows 2000/XP: X1 mouse button
VK_XBUTTON2 (0x06)
Windows 2000/XP: X2 mouse button
- (0x07)
Undefined
VK_BACK (0x08)
BACKSPACE key
VK_TAB (0x09)
TAB key
- (0x0A-0B)
Reserved
VK_CLEAR (0x0C)
CLEAR key
VK_RETURN (0x0D)
ENTER key
- (0x0E-0F)
Undefined
VK_SHIFT (0x10)
SHIFT key
VK_CONTROL (0x11)
CTRL key
VK_MENU (0x12)
ALT key
VK_PAUSE (0x13)
PAUSE key
VK_CAPITAL (0x14)
CAPS LOCK key
VK_KANA (0x15)
Input Method Editor (IME) Kana mode
VK_HANGUEL (0x15)
IME Hanguel mode (maintained for compatibility; use VK_HANGUL)
VK_HANGUL (0x15)
IME Hangul mode
- (0x16)
Undefined
VK_JUNJA (0x17)
IME Junja mode
VK_FINAL (0x18)
IME final mode
VK_HANJA (0x19)
IME Hanja mode
VK_KANJI (0x19)
IME Kanji mode
- (0x1A)
Undefined
VK_ESCAPE (0x1B)
ESC key
VK_CONVERT (0x1C)
IME convert
VK_NONCONVERT (0x1D)
IME nonconvert
VK_ACCEPT (0x1E)
IME accept
VK_MODECHANGE (0x1F)
IME mode change request
VK_SPACE (0x20)
SPACEBAR
VK_PRIOR (0x21)
PAGE UP key
VK_NEXT (0x22)
PAGE DOWN key
VK_END (0x23)
END key
VK_HOME (0x24)
HOME key
VK_LEFT (0x25)
LEFT ARROW key
VK_UP (0x26)
UP ARROW key
VK_RIGHT (0x27)
RIGHT ARROW key
VK_DOWN (0x28)
DOWN ARROW key
VK_SELECT (0x29)
SELECT key
VK_PRINT (0x2A)
PRINT key
VK_EXECUTE (0x2B)
EXECUTE key
VK_SNAPSHOT (0x2C)
PRINT SCREEN key
VK_INSERT (0x2D)
INS key
VK_DELETE (0x2E)
DEL key
VK_HELP (0x2F)
HELP key
(0x30)
0 key
(0x31)
1 key
(0x32)
2 key
(0x33)
3 key
(0x34)
4 key
(0x35)
5 key
(0x36)
6 key
(0x37)
7 key
(0x38)
8 key
(0x39)
9 key
- (0x3A-40)
Undefined
(0x41)
A key
(0x42)
B key
(0x43)
C key
(0x44)
D key
(0x45)
E key
(0x46)
F key
(0x47)
G key
(0x48)
H key
(0x49)
I key
(0x4A)
J key
(0x4B)
K key
(0x4C)
L key
(0x4D)
M key
(0x4E)
N key
(0x4F)
O key
(0x50)
P key
(0x51)
Q key
(0x52)
R key
(0x53)
S key
(0x54)
T key
(0x55)
U key
(0x56)
V key
(0x57)
W key
(0x58)
X key
(0x59)
Y key
(0x5A)
Z key
VK_LWIN (0x5B)
Left Windows key (Microsoft Natural keyboard)
VK_RWIN (0x5C)
Right Windows key (Natural keyboard)
VK_APPS (0x5D)
Applications key (Natural keyboard)
- (0x5E)
Reserved
VK_SLEEP (0x5F)
Computer Sleep key
VK_NUMPAD0 (0x60)
Numeric keypad 0 key
VK_NUMPAD1 (0x61)
Numeric keypad 1 key
VK_NUMPAD2 (0x62)
Numeric keypad 2 key
VK_NUMPAD3 (0x63)
Numeric keypad 3 key
VK_NUMPAD4 (0x64)
Numeric keypad 4 key
VK_NUMPAD5 (0x65)
Numeric keypad 5 key
VK_NUMPAD6 (0x66)
Numeric keypad 6 key
VK_NUMPAD7 (0x67)
Numeric keypad 7 key
VK_NUMPAD8 (0x68)
Numeric keypad 8 key
VK_NUMPAD9 (0x69)
Numeric keypad 9 key
VK_MULTIPLY (0x6A)
Multiply key
VK_ADD (0x6B)
Add key
VK_SEPARATOR (0x6C)
Separator key
VK_SUBTRACT (0x6D)
Subtract key
VK_DECIMAL (0x6E)
Decimal key
VK_DIVIDE (0x6F)
Divide key
VK_F1 (0x70)
F1 key
VK_F2 (0x71)
F2 key
VK_F3 (0x72)
F3 key
VK_F4 (0x73)
F4 key
VK_F5 (0x74)
F5 key
VK_F6 (0x75)
F6 key
VK_F7 (0x76)
F7 key
VK_F8 (0x77)
F8 key
VK_F9 (0x78)
F9 key
VK_F10 (0x79)
F10 key
VK_F11 (0x7A)
F11 key
VK_F12 (0x7B)
F12 key
VK_F13 (0x7C)
F13 key
VK_F14 (0x7D)
F14 key
VK_F15 (0x7E)
F15 key
VK_F16 (0x7F)
F16 key
VK_F17 (0x80H)
F17 key
VK_F18 (0x81H)
F18 key
VK_F19 (0x82H)
F19 key
VK_F20 (0x83H)
F20 key
VK_F21 (0x84H)
F21 key
VK_F22 (0x85H)
F22 key
VK_F23 (0x86H)
F23 key
VK_F24 (0x87H)
F24 key
- (0x88-8F)
Unassigned
VK_NUMLOCK (0x90)
NUM LOCK key
VK_SCROLL (0x91)
SCROLL LOCK key
(0x92-96)
OEM specific
- (0x97-9F)
Unassigned
VK_LSHIFT (0xA0)
Left SHIFT key
VK_RSHIFT (0xA1)
Right SHIFT key
VK_LCONTROL (0xA2)
Left CONTROL key
VK_RCONTROL (0xA3)
Right CONTROL key
VK_LMENU (0xA4)
Left MENU key
VK_RMENU (0xA5)
Right MENU key
VK_BROWSER_BACK (0xA6)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Back key
VK_BROWSER_FORWARD (0xA7)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Forward key
VK_BROWSER_REFRESH (0xA8)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Refresh key
VK_BROWSER_STOP (0xA9)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Stop key
VK_BROWSER_SEARCH (0xAA)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Search key
VK_BROWSER_FAVORITES (0xAB)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Favorites key
VK_BROWSER_HOME (0xAC)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Start and Home key
VK_VOLUME_MUTE (0xAD)
Windows 2000/XP: Volume Mute key
VK_VOLUME_DOWN (0xAE)
Windows 2000/XP: Volume Down key
VK_VOLUME_UP (0xAF)
Windows 2000/XP: Volume Up key
VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK (0xB0)
Windows 2000/XP: Next Track key
VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK (0xB1)
Windows 2000/XP: Previous Track key
VK_MEDIA_STOP (0xB2)
Windows 2000/XP: Stop Media key
VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE (0xB3)
Windows 2000/XP: Play/Pause Media key
VK_LAUNCH_MAIL (0xB4)
Windows 2000/XP: Start Mail key
VK_LAUNCH_MEDIA_SELECT (0xB5)
Windows 2000/XP: Select Media key
VK_LAUNCH_APP1 (0xB6)
Windows 2000/XP: Start Application 1 key
VK_LAUNCH_APP2 (0xB7)
Windows 2000/XP: Start Application 2 key
- (0xB8-B9)
Reserved
VK_OEM_1 (0xBA)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the ';:' key
VK_OEM_PLUS (0xBB)
Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the '+' key
VK_OEM_COMMA (0xBC)
Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the ',' key
VK_OEM_MINUS (0xBD)
Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the '-' key
VK_OEM_PERIOD (0xBE)
Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the '.' key
VK_OEM_2 (0xBF)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the '/?' key
VK_OEM_3 (0xC0)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the '`~' key
- (0xC1-D7)
Reserved
- (0xD8-DA)
Unassigned
VK_OEM_4 (0xDB)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the '[{' key
VK_OEM_5 (0xDC)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the '\|' key
VK_OEM_6 (0xDD)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the ']}' key
VK_OEM_7 (0xDE)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the 'single-quote/double-quote' key
VK_OEM_8 (0xDF)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
- (0xE0)
Reserved
(0xE1)
OEM specific
VK_OEM_102 (0xE2)
Windows 2000/XP: Either the angle bracket key or the backslash key on the RT 102-key keyboard
(0xE3-E4)
OEM specific
VK_PROCESSKEY (0xE5)
Windows 95/98/Me, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000/XP: IME PROCESS key
(0xE6)
OEM specific
VK_PACKET (0xE7)
Windows 2000/XP: Used to pass Unicode characters as if they were keystrokes. The VK_PACKET key is the low word of a 32-bit Virtual Key value used for non-keyboard input methods. For more information, see Remark in KEYBDINPUT, SendInput, WM_KEYDOWN, and WM_KEYUP
- (0xE8)
Unassigned
(0xE9-F5)
OEM specific
VK_ATTN (0xF6)
Attn key
VK_CRSEL (0xF7)
CrSel key
VK_EXSEL (0xF8)
ExSel key
VK_EREOF (0xF9)
Erase EOF key
VK_PLAY (0xFA)
Play key
VK_ZOOM (0xFB)
Zoom key
VK_NONAME (0xFC)
Reserved
VK_PA1 (0xFD)
PA1 key
VK_OEM_CLEAR (0xFE)
Clear key
SendInput
INPUT structure
KEYBDINPUT structure
This function simulate a keyboard press to any active window
1. Create INPUT structure
INPUT *key; //pointer to INPUT structure
key=malloc(sizeof(INPUT));//allocate memory for INPUT structure pointed by key
key->type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
key->ki.wVK = Virtual_Key_Code; //see Virtual Key Code list for the full key list
key->ki.wScan=0;
key->ki.dwFlags=0;
key->ki.time=0;
key->ki.dwExtraInfo=0;
2. Call SendInput function
SendInput(1,key,sizeof(INPUT));
3. Free memory
free(key);
4. Note
This function works with all active windows. If you need to send a key press to inactive windows (minimized or hidden windows), use SendMessage or PostMessage
PostMessage(hwndWindow, WM_KEYDOWN, Virtual_Key_Code,0);//Press the key down
PostMessage(hwndWindow, WM_KEYUP, Virtual_Key_Code,0);//Release the key
hwndWindow: Handle of the window you want to send a keyboard button to, hwndWindow can be obtained by using FindWindow or FindWindowEx
WM_KEYDOWN: constant = 0x100
WM_KEYUP: constant = 0x101
This method may not work with some applications especially games that use Direct Input.
Virtual Key Code List
VK_LBUTTON (0x01)
Left mouse button
VK_RBUTTON (0x02)
Right mouse button
VK_CANCEL (0x03)
Control-break processing
VK_MBUTTON (0x04)
Middle mouse button (three-button mouse)
VK_XBUTTON1 (0x05)
Windows 2000/XP: X1 mouse button
VK_XBUTTON2 (0x06)
Windows 2000/XP: X2 mouse button
- (0x07)
Undefined
VK_BACK (0x08)
BACKSPACE key
VK_TAB (0x09)
TAB key
- (0x0A-0B)
Reserved
VK_CLEAR (0x0C)
CLEAR key
VK_RETURN (0x0D)
ENTER key
- (0x0E-0F)
Undefined
VK_SHIFT (0x10)
SHIFT key
VK_CONTROL (0x11)
CTRL key
VK_MENU (0x12)
ALT key
VK_PAUSE (0x13)
PAUSE key
VK_CAPITAL (0x14)
CAPS LOCK key
VK_KANA (0x15)
Input Method Editor (IME) Kana mode
VK_HANGUEL (0x15)
IME Hanguel mode (maintained for compatibility; use VK_HANGUL)
VK_HANGUL (0x15)
IME Hangul mode
- (0x16)
Undefined
VK_JUNJA (0x17)
IME Junja mode
VK_FINAL (0x18)
IME final mode
VK_HANJA (0x19)
IME Hanja mode
VK_KANJI (0x19)
IME Kanji mode
- (0x1A)
Undefined
VK_ESCAPE (0x1B)
ESC key
VK_CONVERT (0x1C)
IME convert
VK_NONCONVERT (0x1D)
IME nonconvert
VK_ACCEPT (0x1E)
IME accept
VK_MODECHANGE (0x1F)
IME mode change request
VK_SPACE (0x20)
SPACEBAR
VK_PRIOR (0x21)
PAGE UP key
VK_NEXT (0x22)
PAGE DOWN key
VK_END (0x23)
END key
VK_HOME (0x24)
HOME key
VK_LEFT (0x25)
LEFT ARROW key
VK_UP (0x26)
UP ARROW key
VK_RIGHT (0x27)
RIGHT ARROW key
VK_DOWN (0x28)
DOWN ARROW key
VK_SELECT (0x29)
SELECT key
VK_PRINT (0x2A)
PRINT key
VK_EXECUTE (0x2B)
EXECUTE key
VK_SNAPSHOT (0x2C)
PRINT SCREEN key
VK_INSERT (0x2D)
INS key
VK_DELETE (0x2E)
DEL key
VK_HELP (0x2F)
HELP key
(0x30)
0 key
(0x31)
1 key
(0x32)
2 key
(0x33)
3 key
(0x34)
4 key
(0x35)
5 key
(0x36)
6 key
(0x37)
7 key
(0x38)
8 key
(0x39)
9 key
- (0x3A-40)
Undefined
(0x41)
A key
(0x42)
B key
(0x43)
C key
(0x44)
D key
(0x45)
E key
(0x46)
F key
(0x47)
G key
(0x48)
H key
(0x49)
I key
(0x4A)
J key
(0x4B)
K key
(0x4C)
L key
(0x4D)
M key
(0x4E)
N key
(0x4F)
O key
(0x50)
P key
(0x51)
Q key
(0x52)
R key
(0x53)
S key
(0x54)
T key
(0x55)
U key
(0x56)
V key
(0x57)
W key
(0x58)
X key
(0x59)
Y key
(0x5A)
Z key
VK_LWIN (0x5B)
Left Windows key (Microsoft Natural keyboard)
VK_RWIN (0x5C)
Right Windows key (Natural keyboard)
VK_APPS (0x5D)
Applications key (Natural keyboard)
- (0x5E)
Reserved
VK_SLEEP (0x5F)
Computer Sleep key
VK_NUMPAD0 (0x60)
Numeric keypad 0 key
VK_NUMPAD1 (0x61)
Numeric keypad 1 key
VK_NUMPAD2 (0x62)
Numeric keypad 2 key
VK_NUMPAD3 (0x63)
Numeric keypad 3 key
VK_NUMPAD4 (0x64)
Numeric keypad 4 key
VK_NUMPAD5 (0x65)
Numeric keypad 5 key
VK_NUMPAD6 (0x66)
Numeric keypad 6 key
VK_NUMPAD7 (0x67)
Numeric keypad 7 key
VK_NUMPAD8 (0x68)
Numeric keypad 8 key
VK_NUMPAD9 (0x69)
Numeric keypad 9 key
VK_MULTIPLY (0x6A)
Multiply key
VK_ADD (0x6B)
Add key
VK_SEPARATOR (0x6C)
Separator key
VK_SUBTRACT (0x6D)
Subtract key
VK_DECIMAL (0x6E)
Decimal key
VK_DIVIDE (0x6F)
Divide key
VK_F1 (0x70)
F1 key
VK_F2 (0x71)
F2 key
VK_F3 (0x72)
F3 key
VK_F4 (0x73)
F4 key
VK_F5 (0x74)
F5 key
VK_F6 (0x75)
F6 key
VK_F7 (0x76)
F7 key
VK_F8 (0x77)
F8 key
VK_F9 (0x78)
F9 key
VK_F10 (0x79)
F10 key
VK_F11 (0x7A)
F11 key
VK_F12 (0x7B)
F12 key
VK_F13 (0x7C)
F13 key
VK_F14 (0x7D)
F14 key
VK_F15 (0x7E)
F15 key
VK_F16 (0x7F)
F16 key
VK_F17 (0x80H)
F17 key
VK_F18 (0x81H)
F18 key
VK_F19 (0x82H)
F19 key
VK_F20 (0x83H)
F20 key
VK_F21 (0x84H)
F21 key
VK_F22 (0x85H)
F22 key
VK_F23 (0x86H)
F23 key
VK_F24 (0x87H)
F24 key
- (0x88-8F)
Unassigned
VK_NUMLOCK (0x90)
NUM LOCK key
VK_SCROLL (0x91)
SCROLL LOCK key
(0x92-96)
OEM specific
- (0x97-9F)
Unassigned
VK_LSHIFT (0xA0)
Left SHIFT key
VK_RSHIFT (0xA1)
Right SHIFT key
VK_LCONTROL (0xA2)
Left CONTROL key
VK_RCONTROL (0xA3)
Right CONTROL key
VK_LMENU (0xA4)
Left MENU key
VK_RMENU (0xA5)
Right MENU key
VK_BROWSER_BACK (0xA6)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Back key
VK_BROWSER_FORWARD (0xA7)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Forward key
VK_BROWSER_REFRESH (0xA8)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Refresh key
VK_BROWSER_STOP (0xA9)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Stop key
VK_BROWSER_SEARCH (0xAA)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Search key
VK_BROWSER_FAVORITES (0xAB)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Favorites key
VK_BROWSER_HOME (0xAC)
Windows 2000/XP: Browser Start and Home key
VK_VOLUME_MUTE (0xAD)
Windows 2000/XP: Volume Mute key
VK_VOLUME_DOWN (0xAE)
Windows 2000/XP: Volume Down key
VK_VOLUME_UP (0xAF)
Windows 2000/XP: Volume Up key
VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK (0xB0)
Windows 2000/XP: Next Track key
VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK (0xB1)
Windows 2000/XP: Previous Track key
VK_MEDIA_STOP (0xB2)
Windows 2000/XP: Stop Media key
VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE (0xB3)
Windows 2000/XP: Play/Pause Media key
VK_LAUNCH_MAIL (0xB4)
Windows 2000/XP: Start Mail key
VK_LAUNCH_MEDIA_SELECT (0xB5)
Windows 2000/XP: Select Media key
VK_LAUNCH_APP1 (0xB6)
Windows 2000/XP: Start Application 1 key
VK_LAUNCH_APP2 (0xB7)
Windows 2000/XP: Start Application 2 key
- (0xB8-B9)
Reserved
VK_OEM_1 (0xBA)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the ';:' key
VK_OEM_PLUS (0xBB)
Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the '+' key
VK_OEM_COMMA (0xBC)
Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the ',' key
VK_OEM_MINUS (0xBD)
Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the '-' key
VK_OEM_PERIOD (0xBE)
Windows 2000/XP: For any country/region, the '.' key
VK_OEM_2 (0xBF)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the '/?' key
VK_OEM_3 (0xC0)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the '`~' key
- (0xC1-D7)
Reserved
- (0xD8-DA)
Unassigned
VK_OEM_4 (0xDB)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the '[{' key
VK_OEM_5 (0xDC)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the '\|' key
VK_OEM_6 (0xDD)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the ']}' key
VK_OEM_7 (0xDE)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
Windows 2000/XP: For the US standard keyboard, the 'single-quote/double-quote' key
VK_OEM_8 (0xDF)
Used for miscellaneous characters; it can vary by keyboard.
- (0xE0)
Reserved
(0xE1)
OEM specific
VK_OEM_102 (0xE2)
Windows 2000/XP: Either the angle bracket key or the backslash key on the RT 102-key keyboard
(0xE3-E4)
OEM specific
VK_PROCESSKEY (0xE5)
Windows 95/98/Me, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000/XP: IME PROCESS key
(0xE6)
OEM specific
VK_PACKET (0xE7)
Windows 2000/XP: Used to pass Unicode characters as if they were keystrokes. The VK_PACKET key is the low word of a 32-bit Virtual Key value used for non-keyboard input methods. For more information, see Remark in KEYBDINPUT, SendInput, WM_KEYDOWN, and WM_KEYUP
- (0xE8)
Unassigned
(0xE9-F5)
OEM specific
VK_ATTN (0xF6)
Attn key
VK_CRSEL (0xF7)
CrSel key
VK_EXSEL (0xF8)
ExSel key
VK_EREOF (0xF9)
Erase EOF key
VK_PLAY (0xFA)
Play key
VK_ZOOM (0xFB)
Zoom key
VK_NONAME (0xFC)
Reserved
VK_PA1 (0xFD)
PA1 key
VK_OEM_CLEAR (0xFE)
Clear key
Monday, April 5, 2010
LPC17xx GPIO basic
Depend on LPC17xx version the pinouts may be different. I am using 100-pin LPC1768 as an example.
Reference document: LPC17xx User manual
Require #include header lpc17xx.h
Pins on LPC1768 are divided into 5 groups (PORT) starting from 0 to 4.
Pin naming convention: P0.0 (group 0, pin 0) or (Port 0, Pin 0)
Note: if I refer to a page number, that page number is from LPC17xx User manual
Each pin has 4 operating modes: GPIO(default), 1st alternate function, 2nd alternate function, 3rd alternate function.
All GPIO pins are powered automatically so we do not need to turn on the pin power supply.
1. Pin function setting
The register LPC_PINCON control operating mode of these pins. LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0[1:0] control PIN 0.0 operating mode (page 106/835)
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0[31:30] control PIN 0.15 operating mode
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1[1:0] control PIN 0.16 operating mode
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1[29:28] control PIN 0.30 operating mode
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL2[1:0] control PIN 1.0 operating mode
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL2[31:30] control PIN 1.15 operating mode
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3[1:0] control PIN 1.16 operating mode
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3[31:30] control PIN 1.31 operating mode
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL9[25:24] control PIN 4.28 operating mode
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL9[27:26] control PIN 4.29 operating mode
Note: Some register bits are reserved and are not used to control a pin. For example,
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL9[23:0] are reserved
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL9[31:28] are reserved
Bit Values Function
00 GPIO function
01 1st alternate function
10 2nd alternate function
11 3rd alternate function
Example:
To set pin 0.3 as GPIO (set corresponding bit to 00)
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 &=~((1 <<7)|(1<<6));
To set pin 0.3 as ADC channel 0.6 (2nd alternate function, set corresponding bit to 10)
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 |=((1 <<7)|(0<<6)); // you may omit (0<<6)
2. Pin direction setting
Register LPC_GPIOn->FIODIR[31:0] control the pin input/output where n is the pin group (0-4)
To set a pin as output, set the corresponding bit to 1. To set a pin as input, set the corresponding bit to 0. By default, all pins are set as input (all bits are 0).
Example:
To set pin 0.3 as output
LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= (1<<3);
3. A pin is set as output
Pin digital high/low setting
LPC_GPIOn->FIOSET is used to turn a pin to HIGH (page 122/835)
Register LPC_GPIOn->FIOCLR is used to turn a pin to LOW
To turn a pin to digital 1 (high), set the corresponding bit of LPC_GPIOn->FIOSET to 1. To turn a pin to digital 0 (low), set the corresponding bit of LPC_GPIOn->FIOCLR to 1.
Example:
Turn pin 0.3 to high
LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET |= (1<<3);
If we set LPC_GPIOn->FIOSET bit to 0, there is no effect
Turn pin 0.3 to low
LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR |= (1<<3);
If we set LPC_GPIOn->FIOCLR bit to 0, there is no effect
4. A pin is set to input
a. Read a pin value
Register LPC_GPIOn->FIOPIN stores the current pin state. (page 125/835)
The corresponding bit is 1 indicates that the pin is driven high
Example:
To read current pin 0.3 state
value = ((LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN & (1 <<3))>> 3);
Note:
Write a 1/0 to a corresponding bit in LPC_GPIOn->FIOPIN can change the output of the pin to 1/0 but it is not recommended. We should use LPC_GPIOn->FIOSET and LPC_GPIOn->FIOCLR instead.
b. Pin internal pull up setting
Register LPC_PINCON->PINMODEn is used to set up a pin internal pull up
LPC_PINCON->PINMODE0[1:0] control P0.0 internal pull up
...
LPC_PINCON->PINMODE0[31:30] control P0.15 internal pull up
Please see LPC_PINCON->PINSELn for the full list or page 110/835
Bit values Pin mode
00 on-chip pull-up resistor enabled
01 repeater mode,see page 103/835
10 tri-state mode, neither pull-up nor pull-down resistor enabled
11 on-chip pull-down resistor enabled
Example
By default all pins which are set as input has internal pull-up on (00)
To disable internal pull-up on pin 0.3
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 |= (1 << 7);
5. Using GPIO interrupt, only pin group 0 and 2 are used with pin interrupt
a. Falling edge interrupt
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntEnF is used to enable falling edge detected interrupt, in which x is the group number, either 0 or 2. To turn on falling edge interrupt of a pin, set the corresponding pin to 1.
Example
To enable pin 0.3 falling edge interrupt
LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntEnF |= (1 << 3);
b. Raising edge interrupt
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntEnR is used to enable raising edge detected interrupt, in which x is the group number. To turn on raising edge interrupt of a pin, set the corresponding pin to 1.
Example
To enable pin 0.3 and 0.5 raising edge interrupt
LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntEnR |= ((1 << 3)| (1 << 5));
c. All GPIO interrupts are connected to to EINT3 interrupt source. You need to turn EINT3_IRQn on in order to use GPIO interrupt.
NVIC_EnableIRQ(EINT3_IRQn);
d. Interrupt handler subroutine
Add this subroutine to your code. Every time the GPIO interrupts are fired (regardless of which pin), this subroutine is called.
void EINT3_IRQHandler (void)
{
}
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntStatF[31:0] has the status of which pin falling edge interrupt was fired.
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntStatR[31:0] has the status of which pin raising edge interrupt was fired.
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntClr[31:0] is used to clear the status of a pin interrupt. To clear the status bit, write 1 to the corresponding bit.
Example
To check if pin 0.3 interrupt was fired or pin 0.5 interrupt was fired
void EINT3_IRQHandler (void)
{
if ((LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntStatR & (1 << 3)) == (1 << 3))
{
//raising edge interrupt on pin 0.3 was fired
LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntClr |= (1 << 3); // clear the status
//do your task
return;
}
if ((LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntStatR & (1 << 5)) == (1 << 5))
{
//raising edge interrupt on pin 0.5 was fired
LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntClr |= (1 << 5); // clear the status
//do your task
return;
}
}
Reference document: LPC17xx User manual
Require #include header lpc17xx.h
Pins on LPC1768 are divided into 5 groups (PORT) starting from 0 to 4.
Pin naming convention: P0.0 (group 0, pin 0) or (Port 0, Pin 0)
Note: if I refer to a page number, that page number is from LPC17xx User manual
Each pin has 4 operating modes: GPIO(default), 1st alternate function, 2nd alternate function, 3rd alternate function.
All GPIO pins are powered automatically so we do not need to turn on the pin power supply.
1. Pin function setting
The register LPC_PINCON control operating mode of these pins. LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0[1:0] control PIN 0.0 operating mode (page 106/835)
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0[31:30] control PIN 0.15 operating mode
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1[1:0] control PIN 0.16 operating mode
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1[29:28] control PIN 0.30 operating mode
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL2[1:0] control PIN 1.0 operating mode
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL2[31:30] control PIN 1.15 operating mode
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3[1:0] control PIN 1.16 operating mode
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3[31:30] control PIN 1.31 operating mode
...
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL9[25:24] control PIN 4.28 operating mode
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL9[27:26] control PIN 4.29 operating mode
Note: Some register bits are reserved and are not used to control a pin. For example,
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL9[23:0] are reserved
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL9[31:28] are reserved
Bit Values Function
00 GPIO function
01 1st alternate function
10 2nd alternate function
11 3rd alternate function
Example:
To set pin 0.3 as GPIO (set corresponding bit to 00)
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 &=~((1 <<7)|(1<<6));
To set pin 0.3 as ADC channel 0.6 (2nd alternate function, set corresponding bit to 10)
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 |=((1 <<7)|(0<<6)); // you may omit (0<<6)
2. Pin direction setting
Register LPC_GPIOn->FIODIR[31:0] control the pin input/output where n is the pin group (0-4)
To set a pin as output, set the corresponding bit to 1. To set a pin as input, set the corresponding bit to 0. By default, all pins are set as input (all bits are 0).
Example:
To set pin 0.3 as output
LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= (1<<3);
3. A pin is set as output
Pin digital high/low setting
LPC_GPIOn->FIOSET is used to turn a pin to HIGH (page 122/835)
Register LPC_GPIOn->FIOCLR is used to turn a pin to LOW
To turn a pin to digital 1 (high), set the corresponding bit of LPC_GPIOn->FIOSET to 1. To turn a pin to digital 0 (low), set the corresponding bit of LPC_GPIOn->FIOCLR to 1.
Example:
Turn pin 0.3 to high
LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET |= (1<<3);
If we set LPC_GPIOn->FIOSET bit to 0, there is no effect
Turn pin 0.3 to low
LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR |= (1<<3);
If we set LPC_GPIOn->FIOCLR bit to 0, there is no effect
4. A pin is set to input
a. Read a pin value
Register LPC_GPIOn->FIOPIN stores the current pin state. (page 125/835)
The corresponding bit is 1 indicates that the pin is driven high
Example:
To read current pin 0.3 state
value = ((LPC_GPIO0->FIOPIN & (1 <<3))>> 3);
Note:
Write a 1/0 to a corresponding bit in LPC_GPIOn->FIOPIN can change the output of the pin to 1/0 but it is not recommended. We should use LPC_GPIOn->FIOSET and LPC_GPIOn->FIOCLR instead.
b. Pin internal pull up setting
Register LPC_PINCON->PINMODEn is used to set up a pin internal pull up
LPC_PINCON->PINMODE0[1:0] control P0.0 internal pull up
...
LPC_PINCON->PINMODE0[31:30] control P0.15 internal pull up
Please see LPC_PINCON->PINSELn for the full list or page 110/835
Bit values Pin mode
00 on-chip pull-up resistor enabled
01 repeater mode,see page 103/835
10 tri-state mode, neither pull-up nor pull-down resistor enabled
11 on-chip pull-down resistor enabled
Example
By default all pins which are set as input has internal pull-up on (00)
To disable internal pull-up on pin 0.3
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 |= (1 << 7);
5. Using GPIO interrupt, only pin group 0 and 2 are used with pin interrupt
a. Falling edge interrupt
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntEnF is used to enable falling edge detected interrupt, in which x is the group number, either 0 or 2. To turn on falling edge interrupt of a pin, set the corresponding pin to 1.
Example
To enable pin 0.3 falling edge interrupt
LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntEnF |= (1 << 3);
b. Raising edge interrupt
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntEnR is used to enable raising edge detected interrupt, in which x is the group number. To turn on raising edge interrupt of a pin, set the corresponding pin to 1.
Example
To enable pin 0.3 and 0.5 raising edge interrupt
LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntEnR |= ((1 << 3)| (1 << 5));
c. All GPIO interrupts are connected to to EINT3 interrupt source. You need to turn EINT3_IRQn on in order to use GPIO interrupt.
NVIC_EnableIRQ(EINT3_IRQn);
d. Interrupt handler subroutine
Add this subroutine to your code. Every time the GPIO interrupts are fired (regardless of which pin), this subroutine is called.
void EINT3_IRQHandler (void)
{
}
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntStatF[31:0] has the status of which pin falling edge interrupt was fired.
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntStatR[31:0] has the status of which pin raising edge interrupt was fired.
Register LPC_GPIOINT->IOxIntClr[31:0] is used to clear the status of a pin interrupt. To clear the status bit, write 1 to the corresponding bit.
Example
To check if pin 0.3 interrupt was fired or pin 0.5 interrupt was fired
void EINT3_IRQHandler (void)
{
if ((LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntStatR & (1 << 3)) == (1 << 3))
{
//raising edge interrupt on pin 0.3 was fired
LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntClr |= (1 << 3); // clear the status
//do your task
return;
}
if ((LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntStatR & (1 << 5)) == (1 << 5))
{
//raising edge interrupt on pin 0.5 was fired
LPC_GPIOINT->IO0IntClr |= (1 << 5); // clear the status
//do your task
return;
}
}
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